Andrew Goodwin

Andrew Goodwin's theory on pop music videos involves the lack of traditional narrative analyses. He believes that:

1. Pop videos are built around songs
2.The singer is used both as a narrator and as a character
3. Singers often look directly at the camera, involving the viewer at home with the performance.

Additionally, he makes emphasis on the fact that pop videos rely on repetition of images in the way the song repeats choruses/lines. He also believes intertextual references are apparent throughout the videos that make us become familiar with a particular genre  and have certain expectations. Advertising and tv tie-ins can also make the song very familiar through repetition.

Goodwin's theory consists of 3 types of relations between songs and videos:

1.Illustration: this is where the video clearly tells the story of the lyrics. Dance may be used to express the feelings/moods in the song. Below is an example of what I think has illustration apparent throughout the video. It is of R Kelly & Usher - Same Girl. The video consists of the two artists realize they have been dating the same girl which is what the lyrics is about. 

2. Amplification: this is when the video introduces new meanings that do not contradict with the lyrics but add layers of meaning. An example of this is shown below in Trey Songz - Yo Side Of The Bed. The lyrics involve a man who talks about his woman going somewhere and not knowing if she will return. However, in the video introduces the idea of the woman going back and forth to the army until she eventually dies.

3. Disjuncture: This is when there is very little or no connection between the lyrics and the video whatsoever. Below is a video of Cassie - Me & U. This video is an example of disjuncture as throughout the video we only see her dancing which contradicts with the title and lyrics that talk about a relationship of her and another man.